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Application of BCP-2007 and UBC-97 in seismic vulnerability assessment of gravity designed RC buildings in Pakistan

Muhammad Usman ALI, Shaukat Ali KHAN, Muhammad Yousaf ANWAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 396-405 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0436-4

摘要： Recent earthquakes in Pakistan (Kashmir 2005, Balochistan 2008, and Balochistan 2013) revealed the vulnerability of existing building stock and the deficiencies in the then prevalent Pakistan Seismic Code (PSC-86 (1986)). This study investigates, through an analytical framework, the seismic vulnerability of these and other such buildings, in accordance with the newly developed Building Code of Pakistan – Seismic Provisions 2007 (BCP-SP 07). Detailed failure mode is presented for buildings designed as per the new code. Collapse of structures is predicted for only 8% increase in PGA after moderate damage. A previously developed method, based on Eurocode-8 (2004), is used as baseline. A deficient reinforced concrete frame, typical to local building practices, is analyzed and assessed for vulnerability using the BCP- SP 07 (2007) framework. A comparison is drawn for the same building, based on Eurocode-8 (2004). Derived vulnerability curves show that the previous framework overestimated the damage and hence the vulnerability. Comparison of vulnerability parameters with previous studies show slight difference in performance of buildings.

关键词： Building Code of Pakistan     earthquake engineering     seismic effects     vulnerability assessment of buildings     vulnerability framework    

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Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 300-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0449-7

摘要：

Gable roofs with overhangs (eaves) are the common constructions of low-rise buildings on the southeastern coast of China, and they were vulnerable to typhoons from experience. The wind pressure distributions on gable roofs of low-rise buildings are investigated by a series of wind tunnel tests which consist of 99 test cases with various roof pitches, height-depth ratios and width-depth ratios. The block pressure coefficients and worst negative (block) pressure coefficients on different roof regions of low-rise buildings are proposed for the main structure and building envelope, respectively. The effects of roof pitch, height-depth ratio, and width-depth ratio on the pressure coefficients of each region are analyzed in detail. In addition, the pressure coefficients on the roofs for the main structure and building envelope are fitted according to roof pitch, height-depth ratio and width-depth ratio of the low-rise building. Meanwhile, the rationality of the fitting formulas is verified by comparing the fitting results with the codes of different countries. Lastly, the block pressure coefficients and worst negative pressure coefficients are recommended to guide the design of low-rise buildings in typhoon area and act as references for the future’s modification of wind load codes.

关键词： low-rise building     gable roof     wind loads     wind tunnel test     block pressure coefficient     load code    

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Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 974-983 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0769-5

摘要： Control rod is the most important approach to control reactivity in reactors, which is currently a cluster of pins filled with boron carbide (B4C). In this case, neutrons are captured in the outer region, and thus the inner absorber is inefficient. Moreover, the lifetime of the control rod is challenged due to the high reactivity worth loss resulted from the excessive degradation of B4C in the high flux area. In this work, some control rod designs are proposed with optimized spatial structures including the spatially mixed rod, radially moderated rod, and composite control rod with small-sized pins. The control rod worth and effective absorption cross section of these designs are computed using the Monte Carlo code RMC. A long-time depletion calculation is conducted to evaluate their burnup stability. For the spatially mixed rod, rare-earth absorbers are combined with B4C in spatial structure. Compared with the homogenous B4C rod, mixed designs ensure more sufficient reactivity worth in the lifetime of the reactor. The minimum reactivity loss at the end of the cycle is only 1.8% from the dysprosium titanate rod, while the loss for pure B4C rod is nearly 12%. For the radially moderated design, a doubled neutronic efficiency is achieved when the volume ratio of moderator equals approximately 0.3, while excessive moderating may lead to the failure of control rods. The control rod with small-sized pins processes an enhanced safety performance and saves the investment in absorbers. The rod worth can be further enhanced by introducing small moderator pins, and the reactivity loss caused by the reduction of absorbers is sustainable.

关键词： control rod     optimized spatial structure     neutronic performance     burnup stability    

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EAI-oriented information classification code system in manufacturing enterprises

WANG Junbiao, DENG Hu, JIANG Jianjun, YANG Binghong, WANG Bailing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 81-85 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0011-8

摘要： Although the traditional information classification coding system in manufacturing enterprises (MEs) emphasizes the construction of code standards, it lacks the management of the code creation, code data transmission and so on. According to the demands of enterprise application integration (EAI) in manufacturing enterprises, an enterprise application integration oriented information classification code system (EAIO-ICCS) is proposed. EAIO-ICCS expands the connotation of the information classification code system and assures the identity of the codes in manufacturing enterprises with unified management of codes at the view of its lifecycle.

关键词： EAI     EAIO-ICCS     management     classification     connotation    

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A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 607-622 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0637-3

摘要： This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topo-logy optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material field with specified spatial correlation to represent the structural topology. With the series-expansion method for bounded fields, this material field is described with the characteristic base functions and the corresponding coefficients. Compared with the conventional density-based method, the MFSE method decouples the topological description and the finite element discretization, and greatly reduces the number of design variables after dimensionality reduction. Other features of this method include inherent control on structural topological complexity, crisp structural boundary description, mesh independence, and being free from the checkerboard pattern. With the focus on the implementation of the MFSE method, the present MATLAB code uses the maximum stiffness optimization problems solved with a gradient-based optimizer as examples. The MATLAB code consists of three parts, namely, the main program and two subroutines (one for aggregating the optimization constraints and the other about the method of moving asymptotes optimizer). The implementation of the code and its extensions to topology optimization problems with multiple load cases and passive elements are discussed in detail. The code is intended for researchers who are interested in this method and want to get started with it quickly. It can also be used as a basis for handling complex engineering optimization problems by combining the MFSE topology optimization method with non-gradient optimization algorithms without sensitivity information because only a few design variables are required to describe relatively complex structural topology and smooth structural boundaries using the MFSE method.

关键词： MATLAB implementation     topology optimization     material-field series-expansion method     bounded material field     dimensionality reduction    

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基于近似子树匹配的快速代码推荐方法 Research Article

邵宜超1,2,3,黄志球1,2,3,李伟湋1,2,3,喻垚慎1,2,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第8期   页码 1205-1216 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100379

摘要： 软件开发人员通常需编写与已有代码具有类似功能的代码，而帮助开发人员重用这些代码片段的代码推荐工具可显著提高软件开发效率。近年来许多研究者开始关注这一领域，并提出多种代码推荐方法。一些研究者使用序列匹配算法得到相关代码，这些方法往往效率较低，且只能利用代码中的文本信息。另一些研究者从代码中提取特征并形成特征向量，从而计算代码间相似性并得到推荐结果。然而特征向量相似往往不代表原始代码相似，在将抽象语法树转换为向量的过程中存在结构信息丢失问题。对此，我们提出一种基于近似子树匹配的代码推荐方法。与现有基于特征向量匹配的方法不同，该方法在匹配过程中保留了查询代码的树型结构，从而找到与当前查询在结构上最为相似的代码片段。此外，通过哈希思想将子树匹配问题转化为树与列表间的匹配，使得抽象语法树信息可以用于对时间要求较高的代码推荐任务。为评估方法的有效性，构建了多个涵盖不同语言和粒度的代码数据集。实验结果表明，该方法在所有数据集上的召回率均优于两种对比方法——SENSORY和Aroma，且可以应用于大型数据集。

关键词： 代码复用；代码推荐；树相似度；结构信息    

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代码变更驱动的增量式软件架构恢复技术 Research Article

王丽1,2,孔祥龙1,王家慧3,李必信1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第5期   页码 664-677 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100461

摘要： 在软件演化过程中，受开发能力和投入资源限制，软件架构通常难以与代码保持同步更新，导致架构设计与代码产生不一致，对软件维护等工作造成潜在影响。为解决此问题，本文提出一种增量式软件架构恢复技术，即ISAR。该技术首先从变更代码片段中提取依赖信息，然后根据依赖强度分析模块间关联关系，最后基于代码变更与架构更新间的关联关系设计两层分类器以恢复架构。本文基于10个开源项目构建验证实验，结果表明ISAR在架构恢复精度和效率方面优于传统技术。此外，本文发现架构设计文档质量对ISAR架构恢复精度有一定影响，但随着版本迭代逐渐趋于稳定。

关键词： 架构恢复；软件演化；代码变更    

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Innovation Ecosystem for Green Smart City Building in China

Jin Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 325-330 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015058

摘要： Green Smart City (GSC), is one of the new types of cities which integrates eco-concepts and information technologies. As GSC construction is a resource intensive process, it requires a large amount of knowledge, information, talent and capital. Thus, setting up an innovation ecosystem is an astute way to promote the construction of a GSC. This paper, based on the case study by the Insigma Group, tries to explore the rules of innovation ecosystem building for the construction of GSCs in China.

关键词： green smart city     resource     innovation ecosystem building    

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ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟 Research Article

滕云1,3,李之悦2,4,黄晶1,3,张广艳2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第11期   页码 1646-1657 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100566

摘要：

为获得高性能和高数据可用性，基于纠删码的内存存储系统得到广泛应用。然而，随着集群规模不断增长，服务器级别的性能降级问题出现得越来越频繁，进而导致长尾延迟。在基于纠删码的系统中，由于一个纠删码操作可能依赖于多个子操作的同步完成，长尾延迟的影响被进一步放大。本文提出一种称为ShortTail的基于纠删码的内存存储系统，该系统可实现稳定的性能和较低的读写延迟。首先，ShortTail使用轻量请求监视器监测每个内存节点性能，以便及时发现性能降级节点。其次，ShortTail选择性执行降级读操作和重定向写操作，以避免访问性能降级节点。最后，ShortTail采用一种自适应写策略降低小写请求的写放大程度。本文在Memcached上实现了ShortTail，并将其与两个系统进行比较。实验结果表明，ShortTail最高可降低63.77%的99分位延迟，且显著改善中位延迟和平均延迟。

关键词： 纠删码；内存存储系统；节点性能降级；小写请求；尾部延迟    

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Development of a steady thermal-hydraulic analysis code for the China Advanced Research Reactor

TIAN Wenxi, QIU Suizheng, GUO Yun, SU Guanghui, JIA Dounan, LIU Tiancai, ZHANG Jianwei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 189-194 doi: 10.1007/s00000-007-0024-8

摘要： A multi-channel model steady-state thermal-hydraulic analysis code was developed for the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR). By simulating the whole reactor core, the detailed mass flow distribution in the core was obtained. The result shows that structure size plays the most important role in mass flow distribution, and the influence of core power could be neglected under single-phase flow. The temperature field of the fuel element under unsymmetrical cooling condition was also obtained, which is necessary for further study such as stress analysis, etc. of the fuel element. At the same time, considering the hot channel effect including engineering factor and nuclear factor, calculation of the mean and hot channel was carried out and it is proved that all thermal-hydraulic parameters satisfy the Safety design regulation of CARR .

关键词： detailed     calculation     unsymmetrical     temperature     channel    

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Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 2-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0023-z

摘要： Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.

关键词： building energy use     lifestyle and technology     residential building     commercial building     rural building    

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Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 575-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0473-7

摘要： In this paper, the influence of different external wall insulation materials on the energy consumption of a newly built apartment in Germany is investigated. Three types of insulation materials commonly used in Germany including mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel are chosen for the case studies. An energy analysis model is established to clarify the primary energy use for production of the insulation materials and for building space heating. The calculation results show that the energy consumption for insulation material production increases with the insulation thickness, whereas the energy use for space heating decreases with the insulation thickness. Thus, there exists an optimum thickness to get the lowest total energy consumption for each kind of insulation material. The ascending order of the total energy consumption of the three materials is mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel. However, the optimum insulation thicknesses for the three insulation materials show a verse order at a certain heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope. The energy payback time (EPT) is proposed to calculate the payback time of the primary energy use for insulation material production. Mineral fiber has the shortest time, followed by polyurethane and vacuum insulation panel. The EPTS is 10, 19 and 21 years, respectively when the heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope is 0.2 W/(m ·K). In addition, the simulated results show that the theoretical value and the simulated value are basically identical.

关键词： building envelope     insulation materials     energy consumption     payback time    

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Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 518-524 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0261-y

摘要： This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).

关键词： global warming     office building     heating energy consumption    

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Facility managers’ perceptions on building performance assessment

Rafaela BORTOLINI, Núria FORCADA

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 324-333 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018010

摘要：

During the operational phase, building performance may decrease in various areas, so that the end users’ requirements are no longer met. Consequently, indicators are useful to assess and improve the performance of existing buildings. In this study, we carried out a literature review and organized a focus group with facility management experts to gather and analyze facility managers’ perceptions on operational indicators that could be used to assess the performance of buildings. The results revealed that the core indicators used to measure a building’s operational performance are related to safety and assets working properly, health and comfort, space functionality, and energy performance. The findings also revealed that these indicators can be obtained from three sources: a) facility managers/operators, who carry out corrective maintenance and perform technical inspections, b) regular users, who report complaints and fill-in satisfaction questionnaires, and c) sporadic users, who also fill-in satisfaction questionnaires. These indicators and their sources can contribute to a better analysis of building performance and the definition of measures to improve performance during the operational phase of a building.

关键词： building performance     facility management     non-residential buildings    

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Machine learning in building energy management: A critical review and future directions

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 239-256 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0181-1

摘要： Over the past two decades, machine learning (ML) has elicited increasing attention in building energy management (BEM) research. However, the boundary of the ML-BEM research has not been clearly defined, and no thorough review of ML applications in BEM during the whole building life-cycle has been published. This study aims to address this gap by reviewing the ML-BEM papers to ascertain the status of this research area and identify future research directions. An integrated framework of ML-BEM, composed of four layers and a series of driving factors, is proposed. Then, based on the hype cycle model, this paper analyzes the current development status of ML-BEM and tries to predict its future development trend. Finally, five research directions are discussed: (1) the behavioral impact on BEM, (2) the integration management of renewable energy, (3) security concerns of ML-BEM, (4) extension to other building life-cycle phases, and (5) the focus on fault detection and diagnosis. The findings of this study are believed to provide useful references for future research on ML-BEM.

关键词： building energy management     machine learning     integrated framework     knowledge evolution    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Application of BCP-2007 and UBC-97 in seismic vulnerability assessment of gravity designed RC buildings in Pakistan

Muhammad Usman ALI, Shaukat Ali KHAN, Muhammad Yousaf ANWAR

期刊论文

Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN

期刊论文

Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

期刊论文

EAI-oriented information classification code system in manufacturing enterprises

WANG Junbiao, DENG Hu, JIANG Jianjun, YANG Binghong, WANG Bailing

期刊论文

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

期刊论文

基于近似子树匹配的快速代码推荐方法

邵宜超1,2,3,黄志球1,2,3,李伟湋1,2,3,喻垚慎1,2,3

期刊论文

代码变更驱动的增量式软件架构恢复技术

王丽1,2,孔祥龙1,王家慧3,李必信1

期刊论文

Innovation Ecosystem for Green Smart City Building in China

Jin Chen

期刊论文

ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟

滕云1,3,李之悦2,4,黄晶1,3,张广艳2,4

期刊论文

Development of a steady thermal-hydraulic analysis code for the China Advanced Research Reactor

TIAN Wenxi, QIU Suizheng, GUO Yun, SU Guanghui, JIA Dounan, LIU Tiancai, ZHANG Jianwei

期刊论文

Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

期刊论文

Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

期刊论文

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN

期刊论文

Facility managers’ perceptions on building performance assessment

Rafaela BORTOLINI, Núria FORCADA

期刊论文

Machine learning in building energy management: A critical review and future directions

期刊论文